AmericasPharmaceutical research and medical-device manufacturing ecosystems.
- Entry route
- LLC or corporation · formed state by state
- Foreign ownership
- Yes · most states allow foreign LLC members
- Local director
- No US citizenship or residence required for directors
- Government fees
- Check state filing, licence and annual fees
- Corporate tax
- 21% federal corporation tax
EuropeConnect with automotive manufacturers, suppliers and research networks.
- Entry route
- GmbH limited-liability company
- Foreign ownership
- Yes · foreign shareholders permitted
- Address and representation
- German business address required
- Government fees
- €300 register charges
- Corporate tax
- 15% corporate tax · solidarity and trade taxes extra
AsiaElectronics manufacturing and pharmaceutical development across established industry networks.
- Entry route
- Private limited company via SPICe+
- Foreign ownership
- Automatic or approval route · sector caps apply
- Resident director
- Yes · one director stays 182 days per financial year
- Government fees
- Check MCA filing fees and state stamp duty
- Corporate tax
- 22% optional base rate · surcharge and cess extra
AsiaIndustrial investment and tourism development across Saudi Arabia.
- Entry route
- Limited liability company · MISA registration first
- Foreign ownership
- Foreign investment allowed · restricted activities need approval
- Appointing the manager
- At least one manager · check residence and work permission
- Government fees
- MISA notifies its registration fee on approval
- Corporate tax
- 20% income-tax base rate · ownership and sector rules apply
EuropePrecision medicine and biomanufacturing through linked research and healthcare networks.
- Entry route
- Private limited company (aktiebolag / AB)
- Foreign ownership
- 100% foreign ownership allowed · owners can live anywhere
- Resident board members
- Half the board must live in the EEA · exemption possible
- Government fees
- SEK25,000 minimum capital
- Corporate tax
- 20.6% flat corporate tax · same rate for branches
AsiaA base for serving customers across Southeast Asia.
- Entry route
- Private limited company
- Foreign ownership
- 100% foreign ownership allowed
- Resident director
- Yes · at least one resident director
- Government fees
- S$315
- Corporate tax
- 17% on chargeable income · exemptions may apply
AsiaLogistics and digital-economy operations across the Emirates.
- Entry route
- Mainland or free zone
- Foreign ownership
- 100% allowed for most Dubai mainland activities
- Resident manager
- No resident manager required · federal LLC rule
- Government fees
- Check the activity and emirate’s licence quote
- Corporate tax
- 0% up to AED375,000 taxable income · 9% above
AsiaManufacturing projects and modern services under sector-specific investment rules.
- Entry route
- Limited liability company · activity restrictions apply
- Foreign ownership
- 100% outside the 29-item negative list · sector caps apply
- Government fees
- Check sector capital rules and local setup charges
- Corporate tax
- 25% standard rate · 5% effective for small low-profit firms
AsiaDigital tools and care technologies for Japanese industry.
- Entry route
- KK corporation or GK limited liability company
- Local director
- No · a non-resident can represent a subsidiary
- Government fees
- Capital from ¥1 · incorporation charges are extra
- Corporate tax
- About 30.6% combined · lower SME rates on the first ¥8m
EuropeLife-sciences research and high-value manufacturing in the United Kingdom.
- Entry route
- Private limited company · register with Companies House
- Foreign ownership
- 100% · an overseas company can own a UK subsidiary
- Local director
- No · directors do not have to live in the UK
- Government fees
- £100 online · other filing methods cost more
- Corporate tax
- 25% main rate · 19% on profits up to £50,000
EuropeAerospace and agri-food networks for developing European operations.
- Entry route
- SAS · SASU when there is one shareholder
- Foreign ownership
- Sensitive-sector investments require screening
- Resident director
- No residency rule · working in France needs a permit
- Government fees
- Capital from €1 · filing and publication costs are extra
- Corporate tax
- 25% standard · 15% on eligible first €42,500
EuropePrecision machinery and automation for industrial partnerships.
- Entry route
- S.r.l. limited liability company
- Foreign ownership
- 100% ownership allowed · reciprocity for non-EU
- Government fees
- €10,000 standard capital · lower-capital rules exist
- Corporate tax
- 24% IRES · regional IRAP extra
AmericasAgri-food production and processing across Canadian supply chains.
- Entry route
- Federal business corporation
- Foreign ownership
- New unrelated business · notify within 30 days
- Government fees
- CA$200 online incorporation
- Corporate tax
- 15% federal corporate tax · provincial tax extra
AmericasAgricultural production networks for agtech and input suppliers.
- Entry route
- Sociedade limitada (Ltda.)
- Government fees
- Check the state Commercial Registry fee
- Corporate tax
- 15% IRPJ · 10% surcharge above R$20,000/month
AsiaSemiconductor and battery ecosystems for specialised industrial collaboration.
- Entry route
- Stock company or limited company
- Foreign ownership
- Foreign investment allowed · restricted sectors remain
- Government fees
- KRW100m investment for standard FDI recognition
- Corporate tax
- 10% to 25% national rate · 1 point higher from 2026
AmericasAutomotive and aerospace production networks for manufacturing partnerships.
- Entry route
- Sociedad de responsabilidad limitada (S. de R.L.)
- Foreign ownership
- 100% allowed in most activities · listed sectors capped
- Government fees
- Capital set in the company contract · at least 50% paid initially
- Corporate tax
- 30% corporate income tax
OceaniaCritical-mineral processing and international supply-chain partnerships.
- Entry route
- Proprietary limited company (Pty Ltd)
- Foreign ownership
- New business: no FIRB approval · national-security exceptions
- Government fees
- Check ASIC registration and annual review fees
- Corporate tax
- 30% company tax · 25% for eligible base-rate entities
AsiaIndustrial machinery serving Türkiye’s manufacturing sectors.
- Entry route
- Limited liability company
- Foreign ownership
- Same rights as local investors · a few sectors limited
- Local director
- Foreign managers allowed · sector exceptions apply
- Government fees
- 0.04% of capital to the Competition Authority · other fees extra
- Corporate tax
- 25% corporate tax · 10% domestic minimum
AsiaMineral processing and battery production within Indonesia’s downstream industries.
- Entry route
- Foreign-invested limited company (PT PMA)
- Foreign ownership
- Ownership caps set by business activity (KBLI)
- Government fees
- Rp2.5bn paid-up capital · investment commitment is separate
EuropeHorticulture automation and food innovation through collaborative research networks.
- Entry route
- Private limited company (BV)
- Government fees
- €0.01 starting capital; notary and registration fees extra
- Corporate tax
- 19% up to €200,000 · 25.8% above
EuropePrecision automation and sensor technology within Swiss engineering clusters.
- Entry route
- Limited liability company (GmbH / Sàrl)
- Foreign ownership
- 100% foreign share ownership · property rules separate
- Government fees
- CHF20,000 capital, fully paid
- Corporate tax
- 8.5% federal profit tax · cantonal tax on top
EuropeElectromobility suppliers and food-processing capabilities in Poland.
- Entry route
- Limited liability company (sp. z o.o.)
- Foreign ownership
- Non-EU investors can form a limited liability company
- Non-EU board members
- Non-EU board member · work permit after 6 months a year
- Government fees
- PLN5,000 minimum capital
- Corporate tax
- 19% CIT · 9% for small and new companies
EuropeMedical-device manufacturing and connected-health development in Ireland.
- Entry route
- Private company limited by shares (LTD)
- Foreign ownership
- Sensitive third-country investments face screening
- Government fees
- €50 electronic incorporation fee
- Corporate tax
- 12.5% trading income · 25% non-trading income
AmericasAgri-industrial production and processing networks in Argentina.
- Entry route
- Limited liability company (S.R.L.)
- Foreign ownership
- No prior approval · same rights as local investors
- Government fees
- At least 25% of cash capital paid initially
- Corporate tax
- 25% to 35% progressive · 25% up to ARS 133.5m
EuropeMaritime and aquaculture technologies connected to Norwegian industry.
- Entry route
- Private limited company (AS)
- Foreign ownership
- Foreign founders can establish a Norwegian AS
- Government fees
- NOK30,000 minimum capital
AsiaElectronics production and component supply chains in Vietnam.
- Entry route
- Limited liability company
- Local director
- At least 1 legal representative living in Vietnam
- Government fees
- Check the project’s capital and licensing requirements
- Corporate tax
- 20% standard corporate income tax
AsiaIndustrial electronics and embedded systems across Malaysian manufacturing.
- Entry route
- Private limited company (Sdn. Bhd.)
- Foreign ownership
- 100% foreign equity in new manufacturing projects
- Resident director
- At least one director ordinarily resides in Malaysia
- Government fees
- RM1,000 incorporation fee for a company limited by shares
AsiaRegional logistics and technology development through Hong Kong’s business networks.
- Entry route
- Private company limited by shares
- Foreign ownership
- 100% foreign ownership allowed
- Government fees
- HK$1,545 electronic incorporation; business registration extra
- Corporate tax
- 8.25% on first HK$2m profits · 16.5% above
AfricaVehicle manufacturing and component supply chains in South Africa.
- Entry route
- Private company (Pty Ltd)
- Foreign ownership
- National treatment · activity-specific rules still apply
- Government fees
- R125 private-company registration; name reservation extra
- Corporate tax
- 27% company rate · 0–27% bands for small business corporations
EuropeVehicle production and mobility research connected to Czech engineering.
- Entry route
- Limited liability company (s.r.o.)
- Foreign ownership
- 100% foreign ownership · screening in sensitive sectors
- Government fees
- Check notarial, registry and trade-permission charges
- Corporate tax
- 21% corporate income tax
AmericasSpecialised mining technology and supplier partnerships in Chile.
- Entry route
- Company limited by shares (SpA)
- Foreign ownership
- 100% foreign ownership allowed
- Government fees
- Check electronic-signature or notarial costs
- Corporate tax
- 27% general · 12.5% Pro Pyme in 2025–2027
EuropeMobility engineering and shared services within Portuguese industry networks.
- Entry route
- Limited liability company (Lda. or Unipessoal Lda.)
- Government fees
- €360 for the Empresa na Hora service
- Corporate tax
- 19% IRC in 2026 · 15% on first €50,000 for SMEs
